Analysis of clinicopathological characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of obese adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to aid the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: A total of 262 patients eligible for inclusion who received volume reduction metabolism surgery and liver biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2018 to September 2019 were selected. HE staining, reticular fiber staining and Masson staining were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The patients ranged in age from 18 to 66 years. Among the 262 cases, 65 cases (65/262, 24.8%) were male and 197 cases (197/262, 75.2%) were female. Sixty-one cases (61/262, 23.3%) were non-NAFLD, 201 cases (201/262, 76.7%) were NAFLD including 27 cases (27/201, 13.4%) of nonalcoholic fatty live (NAFL) and 174 cases (174/201, 86.6%) of NASH. The main lesions of NAFLD were in hepatic acinus zone 3. There were significant differences in age, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood-glucose (FPG) and apolipoprotein A (APOA) levels among the non-NAFLD group, NAFL group and NASH group (P<0.05). Patients with BMI≥35 m/kg2 combined with type 2 diabetes had a higher prevalence of NASH. Multiple logistic regression showed that ALT and APOA were independent predictors of NASH (P<0.001, OR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.020-1.082; P=0.027, OR=0.916, 95%CI: 0.878-0.941). Total cholesterol (CHO) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were independent predictors of lobular inflammation (P=0.043, 95%CI: 0.010-0.634; P=0.024, 95%CI:-3.068--0.216). AST and HDL were independent predictors of fibrosis stage (P=0.029, 95%CI: 0.001-0.021; P<0.001, 95%CI:-2.670--0.645). Conclusions: Biochemical indicators of NAFLD are closely related to its pathology. The histological lesions of NAFLD are mainly present in hepatic acinar area 3. The diagnosis of NASH is supported by extensive steatosis and high levels of CHO, ALT, AST and BMI, low levels of HDL and ApoA in biochemical markers, but pathological examination is still the gold standard for it.

Dissection of Cellular Communication between Human Primary Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis at Single-Cell Resolution

Background and Objectives@#Osteoblasts are derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and playimportant role in bone remodeling. While our previous studies have investigated the cell subtypes and heterogeneity in osteoblasts and BMMSCs separately, cell-to-cell communications between osteoblasts and BMMSCs in vivo in humans have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular communication between human primary osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. @*Methods@#and Results: To investigate the cell-to-cell communications between osteoblasts and BMMSCs and identifynew cell subtypes, we performed a systematic integration analysis with our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomes data from BMMSCs and osteoblasts. We successfully identified a novel preosteoblasts subtype which highly expressed ATF3, CCL2, CXCL2 and IRF1. Biological functional annotations of the transcriptomes suggested that the novel preosteoblasts subtype may inhibit osteoblasts differentiation, maintain cells to a less differentiated status and recruit osteoclasts. Ligand-receptor interaction analysis showed strong interaction between mature osteoblasts and BMMSCs. Meanwhile, we found FZD1 was highly expressed in BMMSCs of osteogenic differentiation direction. WIF1 and SFRP4, which were highly expressed in mature osteoblasts were reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation. We speculated that WIF1 and sFRP4 expressed in mature osteoblasts inhibited the binding of FZD1 to Wnt ligand in BMMSCs, thereby further inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. @*Conclusions@#Our study provided a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of osteogenic cells. At the single cell level, this study provided insights into the cell-to-cell communications between BMMSCs and osteoblasts and mature osteoblasts may mediate negative feedback regulation of osteogenesis process.

Exploring the mechanism of Buxue Yimu Pill on hemorrhagic anemia through molecular docking, network pharmacology and experimental validation / 中国天然药物

Buxue Yimu Pill (BYP) is a classic gynecological medicine in China, which is composed of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Colla corii asini and Citrus reticulata Blanco. It has been widely used in clinical therapy with the function of enriching Blood, nourishing Qi, and removing blood stasis. The current study was designed to determine the bioactive molecules and therapeutic mechanism of BYP against hemorrhagic anemia. Herein, GC-MS and UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS were employed to identify the chemical compounds from BYP. The genecards database (https: //www.genecards.org/) was used to obtain the potential target proteins related to hemorrhagic anemia. Autodock/Vina was adopted to evaluate the binding ability of protein receptors and chemical ligands. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using the ClusterProfiler. As a result, a total of 62 candidate molecules were identified and 152 targets related to hemorrhagic anemia were obtained. Furthermore, 34 active molecules and 140 targets were obtained through the virtual screening experiment. The data of molecular-target (M-T), target-pathway (T-P), and molecular-target-pathway (M-T-P) network suggested that 32 active molecules enhanced hematopoiesis and activated the immune system by regulating 57 important targets. Pharmacological experiments showed that BYP significantly increased the counts of RBC, HGB, and HCT, and significantly down-regulated the expression of EPO, IL-6, CSF3, NOS2, VEGFA, PDGFRB, and TGFB1. The results also showed that leonurine, leonuriside B, leosibiricin, ononin, rutin, astragaloside I, riligustilide and levistolide A, were the active molecules closely related to enriching Blood. In conclusion, based on molecular docking, network pharmacology and validation experiment results, the enriching blood effect of BYP on hemorrhagic anemia may be associated with hematopoiesis, anti-inflammation, and immunity enhancement.

Multi-Omics and Its Clinical Application in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Progress and Future Opportunities / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. China covers over half of cases, leading HCC to be a vital threaten to public health. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatments, high recurrence rate remains a major obstacle in HCC management. Multi-omics currently facilitates surveillance, precise diagnosis, and personalized treatment decision making in clinical setting. Non-invasive radiomics utilizes preoperative radiological imaging to reflect subtle pixel-level pattern changes that correlate to specific clinical outcomes. Radiomics has been widely used in histopathological diagnosis prediction, treatment response evaluation, and prognosis prediction. High-throughput sequencing and gene expression profiling enabled genomics and proteomics to identify distinct transcriptomic subclasses and recurrent genetic alterations in HCC, which would reveal the complex multistep process of the pathophysiology. The accumulation of big medical data and the development of artificial intelligence techniques are providing new insights for our better understanding of the mechanism of HCC via multi-omics, and show potential to convert surgical/intervention treatment into an antitumorigenic one, which would greatly advance precision medicine in HCC management.

Maltol total alkaloid inhibits expression and secretion of prolactin by upregulating dopamine D2 receptor / 中草药

Objective: To study the role of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) on the regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion by malt total alkaloids. Methods: MMQ and GH3 cells of pituitary adenoma were divided into control group, bromocriptine (5 μg/mL), malt total alkaloids (4.4, 8.8, 35.2, 70.4 μg/mL), haloperidol (10, 20, 40 μg/mL), and combined administration group of total malt alkaloids and haloperidol. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8; The expressions of PRL and D2R were detected by western blotting; The level of PRL was detected by ELISA; The level of PRL and D2R mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. Results: Compared with control group, malt alkaloids (35.2, 70.4 μg/mL) significantly reduced the expression levels of PRL protein and mRNA, and the level of PRL in the supernatant of MMQ cells (P < 0.05). Malt alkaloids (35.2, 70.4 μg/mL) significantly increased the expression levels of D2R protein and mRNA in MMQ cells. Haloperidol significantly inhibited the downregulation of malt alkaloids on the expression levels of PRL protein and mRNA, and the expression level of PRL in supernatant of MMQ cells (P < 0.05). Haloperidol significantly inhibited the upregulation of malt alkaloids on the levels of D2R protein and mRNA (P < 0.05). The level of PRL in GH3 cells had no change by malt alkaloids. Conclusion: Malt alkaloids could inhibit the expression and secretion of PRL in MMQ cell by upregulating D2R.

Research Strategies and Key Problems Analysis over Substance Benchmark of Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With continuous introduction of relevant national policies on famous classical formulas, the research of famous classical formulas is popular all over the country. Different from other new drugs, in the research and development process of famous classical formulas, substance benchmark is earlier than the product, suggesting that the research and development of substance benchmark is of great significance. Based on previous work of the authors, content of substance benchmark of famous classical formulas was analyzed, which was included in the document <italic>The Management Regulation of Simplified Registration and Approval over Chinese Herbal Medicine Compound Preparations of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas</italic> released by the National Medical Products Administration in May 2018. In this paper, the significance of substance benchmark development was described, a five-stage of research strategy was proposed, covering the prescription textual research and historical evolution, the collection and quality evaluation of medicinal materials, the processing method and quality evaluation of decoction pieces, the preparation and quality research of substance benchmark, the drafting and formulating of quality standard over substance benchmark. At the same time, some suggestions were put forward to the feasibility of compound preparations development over famous classical formulas, the implementation difficulty of resource evaluation over Chinese medicinal materials, and the irrationality on the quality correlation of Chinese medicinal materials. All of these are expected to provide reference and enlightenment for the development and policy officially landed over ancient famous classical formulas.

Characteristic fingerprint and multi-components quantitative determination for Fuke Qianjin Capsules by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

To establish an HPLC characteristic fingerprint method of Fuke Qianjin Capsules,and determine the contents of its main components. The analysis was carried out on a Kromasil 100-5-C18 analytical column(4. 6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm) with gradient elution by acetonitrile(A)-0. 1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B),a flow rate at 1. 0 m L·min-1 and the detection wavelength of 254 nm.The column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μL. The determination method of genistin,jatrorrhizine,andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide index components were studied methodologically. The common mode of the characteristic fingerprint of Fuke Qianjin Capsules was set up with 8 common peaks,which were identified as genistin,jatrorrhizine,palmatine,berberine,andrographolide,14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide,Z-ligustilide,and Z-3-butylidenephthalide,respectively,in comparison with the references. The similarities of 20 batches of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples were above 0. 95. All of the above-mentioned 4 analytes could be well separated under the optimized chromatographic conditions. RSD of precision and repeatability experiment were both less than 1. 5%,and the sample solution was stable during 72 h. All of the compounds had a good linearity and linear range. The contents of genistin,jatrorrhizine,andrographolide,and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide in 20 batches of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples were 28. 66-56. 04,94. 77-197. 92,1 705. 33-4 148. 93 and 462. 16-1 225. 96 μg in each capsule,respectively. The developed HPLC characteristic fingerprint and quantitative analysis methods were reliable,accurate and sensitive,and could be used effectively evaluate the quality of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples.

Exosomes in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis / 中国医学科学院学报

Exosomes are 30-100 nm vesicles secreted from almost all types of cells.They contain various molecular constituents,including proteins,lipids,and RNA.As important mediators of cell-to-cell communication,exosomes are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as inflammatory reaction,cell proliferation and differentiation,tissue repair,immune signal transduction,and stress response.Exosomes can regulate and maintain the initiation and progression of many autoimmune diseases,especially rheumatoid arthritis.Meanwhile,exosomes may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and a potential treatment vector for this disease.

Establishment and application effect of fall prevention and control information system in elderly community / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate establishing, applying and evaluating the fall prevention and control information system in elderly community.@*METHODS@#Relying on internet technology and informatization means, the fall comprehensive prevention and control strategy of elderly was guided into online from offline. The fall prevention and control information system which was a collection of risk assessment, remote education and feedback was established. One hundred and twenty-six elderly (over 60 years old) in community were screened in this study and 84 high-risk elders who were involved in the remote continuous comprehensive intervention were screened out. Intervening measures included distributing propaganda album, making mission slides and video used to play with the interpretation remotely. Then fall related situation before and after intervention was analyzed and the effectiveness of system evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After remote intervention, the fall incidence of high-risk group decreased from 21.43% to 4.76%(<0.01). The body balance and gait stability improved clearly(<0. 01). The rate of taking proper prevention and control behavior significantly improved(<0.01). They believed in themselves not to fall down with more confidence when taking complex behaviors(<0.01). The security of environment at home significantly enhanced(<0. 01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Fall prevention and control information system in elderly community was innovative and convenient. The system could roundly assess the status related to fall and accurately screen out high-risk group. The system could implement the remote continuous comprehensive intervention so that the incident of fall was decrease. In conclusion, the system is stable and effective, can be further popularization and application as a successful pilot.

Chemical constituents from Fukeqianjin formula / 中国中药杂志

Fukeqianjin formula, a traditional Chinese medicine compound, consists of eight Chinese medicinal materials including roots of Moghania macrophylla, roots of Rosa laevigata, aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata, caulis of Mahonia fortunei, roots of Zanthoxylum dissitum, roots of Angelica sinensis, caulis of Spatholobus suberectus, and roots of Codonopsis pilosula. The chemical constituents from Fukeqianjin formula were studied in this paper. The compounds were separated and purified by repeated column chromatographic methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, macroporous adsorptive resin, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. And their chemical structures were determined by spectral data analyses. Thirty-eight compounds were obtained and identified as Z-3-butylidenephthalide (1), Z-ligustilide (2), senkyunolide I (3), senkyunolide H (4), vanillin (5), 7-O-methylwogonin (6), wogonin (7), panicolin (8), 19-hydroxy-8(17),13-labdadien-15,16-olide (9), andrograpanin (3,14-dideoxyandrographolide; 10), andrographolide (11), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (12), isoandrographolide (13), andrographin (2'-O-methylskullcapflavone, 14), biochanin A (15), 5-hydroxy-7,8,2',5'-tetramethoxyflavone (16), formononetin (17), daidzein (18), genistein (19), benzoic acid (20), vanillic acid (21), trans-ferulic acid (22), salicylic acid (23), daidzin (24), genistein-7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (25), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (26), andrographidin C (27), apigenin-7-O-β-D-(6"-methyl)glucuronide (28), neoandrographolide (29), genistin (30), andrographiside (31), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographiside (32), lobetyolin (33), epicatechin (34), catechin (35), palmatine (36), berberine (37), and jatrorrhizine (38), respectively. From the results of an individual medicinal material studies, it can be judged that compounds 17, 19, 24 and 30 as flavonoids came from the roots of M. macrophylla, compounds 36-38 as alkaloids came from the caulis of M. fortunei, compounds 6-8, 14, 16, and 27 as flavonoids as well as 9-13, 29, 31, and 32 as diterpenes came from the aerial parts of A. paniculata, compound 5 as phenols came from the roots of Z. dissitum, compounds 1-4 as phthalides as well as compound 22 as phenylpropanoids came from the roots of A. sinensis, compound 33 as alkynes came from the roots of C. pilosula, compounds 15, 17-19 as flavonoids as well as compound 21 as phenolic acids came from the caulis of S. suberectus. While compounds 34 and 35 as flavanoids could come from both the caulis of S. suberectus and roots of R. laevigata. The chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine compound can be tracked from the original sources. This work provides a demonstration for the material basis study of traditional Chinese medicine compound. Compounds 25, 26 and 28 have not so far been isolated and identified from the above-mentioned single herb.

Pathogen infection distribution and drug resistance analysis of patients with severe liver disease / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the infection distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with severe liver disease,and provide reference for clinical medication.Methods Retrospective analysis of the microbiological specimens from patients with severe liver disease in Department of Infection of our hospital from August 2014 to November 2016 and the drug susceptibility testing were carried out by means of K-B disc diffusion method after bacterial culturing,and the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed.Results Totally 17 of 73 patients with severe liver disease developed hospital infection (23.3％).104 strains of bacteria were isolated and 78 strains out of them were multidrug-resistant bacteria (75.0％).Among them,28(26.9％) strains were gram-positive coccus,mainly consisting of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis,and 58(55.8％) were gram-negative coccus,mainly composed of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii,and 18(17.3％) strains fungi.S.aureus and enterococci were resistant to penicillin,erythromycin and levofloxacin,the resistance rates were above 80.0％,but had low resistance rates to vancomycin,teicoplanin and tigecycline.The resistance rates of E.coli and K.pneumoniae to piperacillin,cefazolin and cefuroxime sodium were above 85.0％,but they had lower resistance rates to tigecycline and amikacin.Acinetobacter baumannii was 100％ resistant to piperacillin and tazobactam,ceftazidime,imipenem and amikacin,but had low resistance to tigecycline and minocycline.Conclusions Multi-drug resistant bacteria are the main bacterial pathogens in patients with severe liver disease and have a high resistance rate to commonly used antibiotics,empirical treatment in the population at high risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections requires the use of broad-spectrum or high-grade antibiotics (e.g.carbapenems or tigecycline) and drugs against specific pathogenic bacteria (glycopeptides,linezolid,and amikacin etc).Early de-escalation policies are recommended to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in cirrhosis.

Research on Peptide Ion Charge Control Method Based on Proton Transfer Ion/Ion Reaction with a Dual-Polarity Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

Electrospray ionization is most commonly used in mass spectrometry for analysis of biological molecules such as peptides and proteins. However, peptides and proteins ions produced by electrospray ionization usually have multiple charges, and produce multiple spectrum peaks, making the mass spectrum complicated. Gas phase proton transfer ion/ion reaction can effectively regulate the charge states of peptides and proteins ions after electrospray ionization, simplifying the spectrogram, and thus is significant to the analysis of complex proteins and peptides samples. In this study, a dual-polarity linear ion trap ( LIT) mass spectrometer was used to control the charge state of peptide ions by proton transfer ion/ion reaction. The detection effect of the method was verified by using glutathione ( oxidation type) , oxytocin and dynorphin as typical samples. The results showed that this method could remove excess charges in the positive ions. When injecting enough negative ions for eaction, peptide ions with multiple charge valence state could be reduced to the minimum, therefore simplify the spectrogram effectively.

Progress in Molecular Chaperone Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Cancer / 分析化学

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a member of genetically conserved heat shock protein family. As an important molecular chaperone in eukaryotic cells, HSP90 plays a key regulatory role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. HSP90 clients encompass a wide range of proteins, thus HSP90 is involved in diverse biological process. With the deeper study, it is found that HSP90 takes an important part in the development and metastasis of cancer,and has become a promising target for the study of anticancer biology. We review the progress of HSP90 as molecular chaperone and its relationship with cancer.

Value of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody in diagnosis of seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate diagnostic value of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody (aPS/PT), IgA anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL), and IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein antibody (aβ2-GPI) in seronegative antiphospholipid (SNAPS). Methods • Serum samples were collected from 86 patients with antiphospholipid (APS) (APS group), 48 patients with SNAPS (SNAPS group), 79 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (SLE group), and 85 healthy donors (healthy control group, HC group) for aPS/PT (IgG and IgM), aCL (IgA) and aβ2-GPI (IgA) detected by ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the four antibodies for the diagnosis of SNAPS were calculated, and the ROC curves were analyzed. The correlation between the four antibodies and the clinical manifestations of SNAPS was also analyzed.Results • A total of 25 (52.1%) SNAPS patients were positive in aPS/PT (IgG/IgM), including 29.2% patients positive in aPS/PT (IgG) and 35.4% positive in aPS/PT (IgM). There were 16.7% SNAPS patients positive in aβ2-GPI (IgA), but none was aCL (IgA) positive. The positive rates of aPS/PT (IgG and IgM) and aβ2-GPI (IgA) were statistically higher in SNAPS group than those in HC group (P=0.000). The area under curve (AUC) of aPS/PT (IgG) (AUC=0.753) for SNAPS diagnosis was the biggest among the four antibodies, and the second was aβ2-GPI (IgA) (AUC=0.725). A positive correlation was found in SNAPS group between presence of venous thrombosis and aPS/PT (IgG) (OR=5.54, 95% CI 1.67-17.33, P=0.003) or aβ2-GPI (IgA) (OR=3.43, 95% CI 0.86-11.53, P=0.041), and also found between pregnancy loss and aPS/PT (IgM) (OR=5.11, 95% CI 1.31-21.29, P=0.004). Conclusion • aPS/PT (IgG/IgM) and aβ2-GPI (IgA) can be used as potential complementary indicators for laboratory diagnosis of SNAPS, and aPS/PT (IgG/IgM) is also valuable for clinical evaluation of the risk of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in SNAPS patients.

Effect of aerobic exercise on pancreatic islets and explorationof their mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of aerobic exercise on islet β-cells in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Thirty healthy SPF 8-week old Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (C, n=10), diabetic control groups (DMC) and diabetic exercise (DME) groups, 10 rats in each group, among which 7 successful rat models were used in the experiment.The diabetic rat model was established by high fat and sugar diet and i.p.injection of streptozotocin in a dose of 50 mg/kg.The rats of group DME were forced to perform 20 m/min running for 30 min, once a day, 6 days in a week, for 8 weeks.Other rats were allowed free movement.At the end of experiment, serum glucose and insulin were measured and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was calculated, and pancreatic tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination.The morphology and structure of pancreatic islets were observed under a digital microscope, the perimeter and area of islets were analyzed by image analysis, and shape factor of islets was calculated.The insulin content, glucokinase and ultramicro-ATPase activity in the pancreatic homogenate were determined.Results In the DME group, the perimeter and area of islets were significantly higher than the DMC group (P< 0.05), but still lower than the control group.The shape factor was significantly increased, the cell hypertrophy, vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis were markedly alleviated than those in the DMC group, the insulin content, glucokinase and the trace total ATP activity in the DME group were significantly higher than those in the DMC group (P<0.05), and the SF and HOMA were significantly changed.Conclusions Aerobic exercise can reduce the blood glucose level, improve the morphology of islets and β-cells in the type 2 diabetic rats.It may be due to increase of the activity of glucose kinase and ATP-synthase, and increased insulin sensitivity in the pancreas.

EST-SSR identification, markers development of Ligusticum chuanxiong based on Ligusticum chuanxiong transcriptome sequences / 中国中药杂志

Ligusticum chuanxiong is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine plant. The study on its molecular markers development and germplasm resources is very important. In this study, we obtained 24 422 unigenes by assembling transcriptome sequencing reads of L. chuanxiong root. EST-SSR was detected and 4 073 SSR loci were identified. EST-SSR distribution and characteristic analysis results showed that the mono-nucleotide repeats were the main repeat types, accounting for 41.0%. In addition, the sequences containing SSR were functionally annotated in Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway and were assigned to 49 GO categories, 242 KEGG pathways, among them 2 201 sequences were annotated against Nr database. By validating 235 EST-SSRs,74 primer pairs were ultimately proved to have high quality amplification. Subsequently, genetic diversity analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis, PCoA analysis and population structure analysis of 34 L. chuanxiong germplasm resources were carried out with 74 primer pairs. In both UPGMA tree and PCoA results, L. chuanxiong resources were clustered into two groups, which are believed to be partial related to their geographical distribution. In this study, EST-SSRs in L. chuanxiong was firstly identified, and newly developed molecular markers would contribute significantly to further genetic diversity study, the purity detection, gene mapping, and molecular breeding.

Optimal Timing of Surgical Revascularization for Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The optimal timing of surgical revascularization for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and impaired left ventricular function is not well established. This study aimed to examine the timing of surgical revascularization after STEMI in patients with ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) by comparing early and late results.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to December 2013, there were 2276 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in our institution. Two hundred and sixty-four (223 male, 41 females) patients with a history of STEMI and LVD were divided into early revascularization (ER, <3 weeks), mid-term revascularization (MR, 3 weeks to 3 months), and late revascularization (LR, >3 months) groups according to the time interval from STEMI to CABG. Mortality and complication rates were compared among the groups by Fisher's exact test. Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of the time interval of surgery on long-term survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant differences in 30-day mortality, long-term survival, freedom from all-cause death, and rehospitalization for heart failure existed among the groups (P > 0.05). More patients in the ER group (12.90%) had low cardiac output syndrome than those in the MR (2.89%) and LR (3.05%) groups (P = 0.035). The mean follow-up times were 46.72 ± 30.65, 48.70 ± 32.74, and 43.75 ± 32.43 months, respectively (P = 0.716). Cox regression analyses showed a severe preoperative condition (odds ratio = 7.13, 95% confidence interval 2.05-24.74, P = 0.002) rather than the time interval of CABG (P > 0.05) after myocardial infarction was a risk factor of long-term survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgical revascularization for patients with STEMI and LVD can be performed at different times after STEMI with comparable operative mortality and long-term survival. However, ER (<3 weeks) has a higher incidence of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. A severe preoperative condition rather than the time interval of CABG after STEMI is a risk factor of long-term survival.</p>

Effect of Kou Yan Qing Ke Li on the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The effect of Kou Yan Qing Ke Li on the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis was investigated in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma to be treated with radiotherapy were randomized into two groups: the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (30 patients) was treated with Kou Yan Qing Ke Li during the full course of radiotherapy. The control group (30 patients) rinsed their mouths in the same way with mouth washes containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lidocaine, dexamethasone, vitamin B2 and B2 gargle liquid mixture, when grade 2 and above radiation-induced oral mucositis appeared in the process of radiation. Radiation-induced oral mucositis was assessed according to the radiation therapy oncology group criteria. The time of occurrence and degree of pain grade were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The first onset of oral mucositis in the experimental group (12.40 d ± 2.74 d) was later than that in the control group (9.46 d ± 1.39 d) (t = 5.241, P < 0.001), whereas the grade of pain and acute radiation mucositis was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Kou Yan Qing Ke Li could delay the time of occurrence of radiation-induced oral mucositis, reduce the severity of radiation stomatitis, alleviate the pain of patients, improve the clinical symptoms of patients, and effectively prevent and treat radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.</p>

Different approaches to revascularization for complex coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: analysis of perioperative outcomes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for treatment of complex coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHDOS</b>The clinical data of 966 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2003 to December 2013 with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤50%) were retrospectively reviewed. Among the patients, 386 underwent CABG and 580 received PCI. After matching for EuroSCORE risk factors and preoperative echocardiographic parameters, 135 patients with CABG and 135 with PCI were enrolled in this study. With hospital mortality and perioperative major complications as the endpoints, the early outcomes of the procedures were evaluated. Perioperative echocardiography was performed to evaluate the change of left ventricular geometry and function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with CABG group, PCI group had significantly higher incidences of chronic lung disease (8.1% vs 0.7%, P=0.003) and recent myocardial infarction (64.4% vs 31.9%, P=0.000) but significantly lower left-main disease (12.6% vs 23.7%, P=0.018); the other baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Patients with CABG had a greater number of treated target vessels than those with PCI (2.90±0.81 vs 1.67±0.73, P=0.000), and complete revascularization was more common in CABG group (94.8% vs 51.8%, P=0.000). No significant difference was found in perioperative variations of LVEF between the two groups, but patients with CABG had a greater variation in LVEDD than those with PCI. The hospital mortality and other major complications were similar between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both CABG and PCI are safe and reliable revascularization strategies for complex coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, but CABG can achieve a higher rate of complete revascularization and better improves the left ventricular function.</p>

Surgical ventricular restoration versus isolated coronary artery bypass grafting for left ventricular aneurysm: comparison of mid- to long-term outcomes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the mid- to long-term outcomes of patients receiving isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) plus CABG for left ventricular aneurysms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 205 patients with left ventricular aneurysms admitted to our hospital between January, 1997 and December, 2012, including 115 patients receiving SVR plus CABG and 90 undergoing isolated CABG. By matching preoperative echocardiographic parameters including aneurysm size, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and EuroSCORE risk factors, 32 patients receiving SVR plus CABG and another 32 with isolated CABG were enrolled in this study. The patients were compared for survival rates, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), left ventricular geometry and function at 1, 3 and 5 years of follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the patients receiving isolated CABG, those receiving SVR and CABG showed greater improvements in echocardiographic parameters and NYHA functional class. The differences in the echocardiographic parameters between the two groups gradually reduced with time and became comparable at 5 years after the operation (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the mid- to long-term survival or the incidence of MACCEs between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with isolated CABG, SVR plus CABG does not reduce the incidence of MACCEs or improve the mid- to long-term survival rate of patients with left ventricular aneurysm with a LVESVI <60 mL/m(2).</p>